Câu hỏi 43

TXĐ: \(D = \left( { - \infty ;1} \right],\,\,x = 0 \in D\).

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} f\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\sqrt {1 - x}  - 1}}{x} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{ - x}}{{x\left( {\sqrt {1 - x}  + 1} \right)}}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{ - 1}}{{\sqrt {1 - x}  + 1}} = \frac{{ - 1}}{2}\\f\left( 0 \right) = a\end{array}\)

Để hàm số liên tục tại \(x = 0\) thì \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} f\left( x \right) = f\left( 0 \right) \Leftrightarrow a =  - \frac{1}{2}\).

Khi đó ta có: \(f\left( x \right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\frac{{\sqrt {1 - x}  - 1}}{x}\,\,khi\,\,x \ne 0,\,\,x \le 1\\\,\,\,\,\,\, - \frac{1}{2}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,khi\,\,x = 0\end{array} \right.\).

\(\begin{array}{l}
\Rightarrow f'\left( 0 \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\frac{{\sqrt {1 - x} - 1}}{x} + \frac{1}{2}}}{x} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{2\sqrt {1 - x} - 2 + x}}{{2{x^2}}}\\
\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{4\left( {1 - x} \right) - {{\left( {2 - x} \right)}^2}}}{{2{x^2}\left( {2\sqrt {1 - x} + 2 - x} \right)}}\\
\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{ - {x^2}}}{{2{x^2}\left( {2\sqrt {1 - x} + 2 - x} \right)}}\\
\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{ - 1}}{{2\left( {2\sqrt {1 - x} + 2 - x} \right)}} = \frac{{ - 1}}{8}
\end{array}\)

Vậy để hàm số có đạo hàm tại \(x = 0\) thì \(a =  - \frac{1}{2}\).

Chọn A.