Câu hỏi 15

Trong \(\left( {BCC'B'} \right)\) kẻ \(B'H \bot BC\,\,\left( {H \in BC} \right)\) (do \(\angle B'BC\) nhọn).

Trong \(\left( {ABC} \right)\) kẻ \(HK\parallel AC \Rightarrow HK \bot AB\) ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}AB \bot HK\\AB \bot B'H\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow AB \bot \left( {B'HK} \right) \Rightarrow AB \bot B'K\).

Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left( {ABB'A'} \right) \cap \left( {ABC} \right) = AB\\B'K \subset \left( {ABB'A'} \right),\,\,B'K \bot AB\\HK \subset \left( {ABC} \right),\,\,HK \bot AB\end{array} \right.\) \( \Rightarrow \angle \left( {\left( {ABB'A'} \right);\left( {ABC} \right)} \right) = \angle \left( {B'K;HK} \right) = \angle B'HK = {45^0}\).

\( \Rightarrow \Delta B'HK\) vuông cân tại \(H \Rightarrow B'H = HK = x\).

Xét tam giác vuông \(BB'H\) có: \(BH = \sqrt {BB{'^2} - BH{'^2}}  = \sqrt {4{a^2} - {x^2}} \).

Xét tam giác vuông \(ABC\) có: \(AC = BC.\sin {60^0} = a\sqrt 3 \), \(AB = BC.\cos {60^0} = a\).

Áp dụng định lí Ta-lét ta có: \(\dfrac{{BH}}{{BC}} = \dfrac{{HK}}{{AC}} \Rightarrow \dfrac{{\sqrt {4{a^2} - {x^2}} }}{{2a}} = \dfrac{x}{{a\sqrt 3 }}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow 3\left( {4{a^2} - {x^2}} \right) = 4{x^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow 12{a^2} - 3{x^2} = 4{x^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} = \dfrac{{12{a^2}}}{7}\\ \Leftrightarrow x = \dfrac{{2a\sqrt {21} }}{7} = B'H\end{array}\)

\({S_{\Delta ABC}} = \dfrac{1}{2}AB.AC = \dfrac{1}{2}.a.a\sqrt 3  = \dfrac{{{a^2}\sqrt 3 }}{2}\).

Vậy \({V_{ABC.A'B'C'}} = B'H.{S_{\Delta ABC}} = \dfrac{{2a\sqrt {21} }}{7}.\dfrac{{{a^2}\sqrt 3 }}{2} = \dfrac{{3{a^3}\sqrt 7 }}{7}\).

Chọn B.